A comparative study of conventional and Hall techniques of crown placement using finite element stress analysis

Background: Hall technique of crown placement causes the changes in vertical occlusal dimension; the mode of settlement of which needs to be explored. Aim: To assess and compare the changing patterns of stress distribution following placement of stainless steel crowns on primary teeth by Hall and conventional techniques using a finite element model analysis. Materials and Methods: The clinical crown heights of primary molars restored with Hall and conventional techniques and opposing teeth in contact, vertical dimension changes in the primary canine area were measured using intraoral digital scan. T-scan was used to measure the changes in bite force while the finite element analysis was used to assess deformative changes on the 2nd, 5th, 10th, and 15th days. Results: The Hall technique of crown placement caused more stress distribution in the tooth supporting tissues that settled in 2 weeks as compared with conventional technique of crown placement in which settlement occurred in 2 days. Conclusion: The settling of vertical occlusal dimension as well as stress distribution in Hall technique probably takes place by intrusion of crowned tooth and opposing teeth in contact.

Unforeseen Rupture of Pseudoaneurysm of Common Carotid Artery: An Arduous Anesthetic Challenge

Pseudoaneurysm of the common carotid artery (CCA) is exceptionally unstable and unpredictable; it mandates quick medical attention in order to circumvent neurologic sequelae or hemorrhage. Unanticipated rupture is extremely lethal and a potential provocation for the anesthesia caregiver. It is an arduous challenge for an anesthetist to establish emergency airway when a huge bleeding pseudoaneurysm is compressing and deviating the trachea, securing invasive lines in collapsing vessels, volume and vasopressor resuscitation in deteriorating hemodynamics in order to maintain cerebral perfusion without compromising other vital organs, arranging huge amount of blood and blood products in a short span of time, and transferring an exsanguinating patient for the rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Not only preoperatively it also necessitates appropriate neuromonitoring and neuroprotection during and after surgery. The association of unforeseen rupture of common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to the tubercular spine and lifesaving management by the rapid institution of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a rare occasion. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is not any similar case in the peer?reviewed literature. Therefore, the authors enumerate the clinical experience of an unexpected rupture of CCA pseudoaneurysm requiring lifesaving CPB and emphasize the “Timely Teamed Effort Approach” that can sustain a life in such an inevitable situation.

A clinical and radiographic comparative evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns using CAD-CAM and stainless steel crowns in primary molars

Background and Aim of Study: Early childhood caries is a multifactorial disease process affecting children below 71 months of age and continues to be a global health problem. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) are widely used and are very popular in pediatric dentistry due to its superiority and durability when compared with multisurface amalgam restorations. However, one of the major disadvantages with these crowns is the poor esthetics. Parents often request for a more esthetic alternative to the SSC. Zirconia crowns are one of the tooth-colored full crown restorations currently available for use in primary teeth. These are available as both preformed and custom-made crowns and show excellent esthetics. However, these require extensive tooth preparation with a subgingival finish lines, which would cause gingival trauma and bleeding during the preparation. The present study uses intraoral scanners for making the custom-made zirconia crowns, which will avoid the conventional impressions. Currently, there are no studies available in pediatric dentistry regarding CAD-CAM crowns. Hence, there is a need for the study. Aim: The aim of this study is to clinically evaluate the performance of preformed SSCs and custom-made zirconia crowns in primary molars. To elicit parental and patient satisfaction with respect to preformed SSCs and custom made zirconia crowns and to radiographically compare the interproximal bone height for 1 year. Methods: The patients were selected with purposive sampling. The tooth of interest was prepared according to the crown it would receive. The upper and the lower arch of the tooth receiving custom-made zirconia crown was scanned using an intraoral scanner. The crowns were cemented using Type 1 glass ionomer cement (GIC) (SSC) and resin modified GIC (custom-made zirconia crown). After the crown placement, the patient and the parent's satisfaction was scaled regarding the time taken, comfort, cost of crown, appearance of crown, etc., using a 5-point Likert scale. A baseline radiograph was taken after crown placement. The patient was recalled every 3 months till 1 year for evaluation (loss of retention, loss of proximal contact, gingival inflammation, opposing tooth wear, and marginal integrity). At the end of 1 year, radiographs were taken to check the interproximal bone. Results: After 1 year evaluation of custom-made zirconia crowns and preformed SSCs in primary molars, it was shown that both SSC and zirconia crowns showed good gingival scores but zirconia crown was better than SSC in improving the gingival health. SSCs showed better results with respect to the opposing tooth wear and marginal adaptability. Parents as well as patients preferred a tooth-colored crown as a treatment option. Conclusion: Custom-made zirconia crowns are comparable to the preformed SSCs and they show better gingival scores and excellent color match.

Epidural Anaesthesia a Saviour in a Case of Mitral Stenosis Posted For Emergency LSCS

It is challenging for an Anaesthesiologist to provide correct anaesthesia technique to a patient with Mitral Stenosis posted for Emergency LSCS. In the presence of maternal heart disease, the circulatory changes of pregnancy may result in exacerbation of the hemodynamic changes leading to maternal and fetal morbididty and mortality. We report the successful anaesthetic management with graded epidural technique which minimises the hemodyanamic perturbations. Successful management requires proper perioperative monitoring and thorough knowledge of the valvular heart disease.

Tricalcium phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation by newly isolated Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus CKMV1 from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and its growth promotional effect

Abstract Aneurinibacillus aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1 was isolated from rhizosphere of Valeriana jatamansi and possessed multiple plant growth promoting traits like production of phosphate solubilization (260 mg/L), nitrogen fixation (202.91 nmol ethylene mL-1 h-1), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (8.1 µg/mL), siderophores (61.60%), HCN (hydrogen cyanide) production and antifungal activity. We investigated the ability of isolate CKMV1 to solubilize insoluble P via mechanism of organic acid production. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study showed that isolate CKMV1 produced mainly gluconic (1.34%) and oxalic acids. However, genetic evidences for nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization by organic acid production have been reported first time for A. aneurinilyticus strain CKMV1. A unique combination of glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) gene and pyrroloquinoline quinone synthase (pqq) gene, a cofactor of gdh involved in phosphate solubilization has been elucidated. Nitrogenase (nif H) gene for nitrogen fixation was reported from A. aneurinilyticus. It was notable that isolate CKMV1 exhibited highest antifungal against Sclerotium rolfsii (93.58%) followed by Fusarium oxysporum (64.3%), Dematophora necatrix (52.71%), Rhizoctonia solani (91.58%), Alternaria sp. (71.08%) and Phytophthora sp. (71.37%). Remarkable increase was observed in seed germination (27.07%), shoot length (42.33%), root length (52.6%), shoot dry weight (62.01%) and root dry weight (45.7%) along with NPK (0.74, 0.36, 1.82%) content of tomato under net house condition. Isolate CKMV1 possessed traits related to plant growth promotion, therefore, could be a potential candidate for the development of biofertiliser or biocontrol agent and this is the first study to include the Aneurinibacillus as PGPR.

Domain Analysis and Isolation of Coniferyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1.

Aim: The Aim of present study is to analyse conserved functional Short Dehydrogenase Reductase (SDR) domain from bacteria. Based on the domain analysis selection of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene for isolation from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala. From July, 2012 to November, 2012. Methodology: Bioinformatics tools were used to analyse various calA genes from bacteria based on the presence of conserved domain in members of SDR family. Based on insilico analysis, Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1 calA was selected. PCR was used for amplification of the gene from the genome of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. Result: Multiple sequence alignment results for conserved domains amongst members of SDR family identified presence of all domains of Short Dehydrogenase Reductase members in Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1 calA gene. Amongst the various sequences compared the P. nitroreducens Jin1, calA was found to be the smallest in size. The locus of calA in the genome resides at 103513-104280 bases. It was amplified from the genome of Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1. The calA gene that was amplified is of size 768bp. Conclusion: calA gene isolated from Pseudomonas nitroreducens Jin1 is a small gene with all the functional domains and can be used for biotransformation of coniferyl alcohol to coniferyl aldehyde.

Extractive spectrophotometric methods for the determination of fenofibrate.

Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of fenofibrate in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Method A and B are based on ion association complex formation of the drug with Methylene Blue and Saffranine respectively. Beers law is obeyed in the concentration range of 5-15 μg/ml (Method A) and 10-30μg/ml (Method B) with good correlation coefficients. These methods have been statistically evaluated and found to be precise and accurate.

RP-HPLC method for the estimation of nitroxazepine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A simple and sensitive isocratic RP‐HPLC method was developed for the determination of Nitroxazepine hydrochloride in bulk drug and its pharmaceutical tablet formulations where the mobile phase optimized was Phosphate buffer : Acetonitrile (70:30) and Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm length, 4.6 mm internal diameter and particle size 5 μm) was used as the stationary phase. The flow rate and detection wavelength was 1.0 mL min‐1 and 265 nm respectively. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity and range, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of quantification and limit of detection. The results of all the validation parameters were well within their acceptance values. The method gave good recovery in the range of 98.95‐99.43 % for Nitroxazepine hydrochloride when it was applied for its determination in pharmaceutical tablet formulations.

Standardization of PCR-RFLP analysis of nsSNP rs1468384 of NPC1L1 gene.

Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, a newly identified sterol influx transporter, located at the apical membrane of the enterocyte, which may actively facilitate the uptake of cholesterol by promoting the passage of sterols across the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. It effects intestinal cholesterol absorption and intracellular transport and as such is an integral part of complex process of cholesterol homeostasis. The study of population data for the distribution of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of NPC1L1 has lead to the identification of six non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNP). The in vitro analysis using the software MuPro and StructureSNP shows that nsSNP M510I (rs1468384), which involves A→G base pair change leads to decrease in the stability of the protein. A reproducible and a cost-effective PCR-RFLP based assay was developed to screen for the SNP among population data. This SNP has been studied in Caucasian, Asian, and African American populations. Till date, no data is available on Indian population. The distribution of M510I NPC1L1 genotype was estimated in the North Western Indian Population as a test case. The allele distribution in Indian Population differs significantly from that of other populations. The methodology thus proved to be robust enough to bring out these differences.

Apolipoprotein E isotype distribution amongst Ramgharias of Punjab.

Apolipoprotein E is a major constituent of chylomicrons and HDL fractions of the normal blood plasma involved in lipid transfer systems. The three common alleles apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4 with six possible phenotypes have been identified at this locus in all the populations of the world studied so far, with apoE3 being the most common. The present study employed PCR restriction isotyping techniques to estimate allele frequency distribution amongst Ramgharias an artisan caste group of Punjab in North India. The methodology was developed to visualise the isotypes on PAGE using silver staining. The major genotypes observed were E2/3, E3/3 and E3/4 with allele frequencies APO E2=0.107, APOE3=0.714 AND APO E4=0.179.